The Death Penalty - Just Punishment for Murder Essay -- Capital Punish

The Death Penalty - Just Punishment for Murder canvass has Problems with FormatThe death penalty has always been and stick arounds to be a very controversial issue. People on both sides of the issue argue endlessly to cod further support for their movements. While opponents of capital penalisation are quick to point out that the United States remains one of the few Western countries that continue to support the death penalty, Americans are likewise more likely to encounter violent crime than citizens of other countries (Brownlee 31). Justice mandates that criminals receive what they deserve. The punishment must foregather the crime. If a burglar deserves imprisonment, then a murderer deserves death (Winters 168). The death penalty is necessary and the only punishment suitable for those convicted of capital offenses. Seventy-five per centum of Americans support the death penalty, according to Turner, because it provides a deterrent to some would-be murderers and it also provide s for moral and legal justice (83). Deterrence is a theory It asks what the do are of a punishment (does it reduce the crime rate?) and makes testable predictions (punishment reduces the crime rate compared to what it would be without the credible threat of punishment), ( wagon train Den Haag 29). The deterrent effect of any punishment depends on how quickly the punishment is applied (Workshop 16). Executions are so rare and delayed for so long in comparison th the outlet of capitol offenses committed that statistical correlations cannot be expected (Winters 104). The number of potential murders that are deterred by the threat of a death penalty may never be known, just as it may never be known how many lives are saved with it. However, it is known that the death penalty does definitely deter those who are executed. Life in prison without the possibility of parole is the alternative to execution presented by those that consider words to be equal to reality. Nothing prevents the p eople sentenced in this way from being paroled under later laws or later court rulings. Furthermore, nothing prevents them from escaping or killing again while in prison. After all, if they take away already received the maximum sentence available, they have nothing to lose. For example, in 1972 the U.S. Supreme Court banished the death penalty. Like other states, Texas commuted all death sentences to deportment imprisonment. After being r... ...cibly take back what a robber took by force. It would be wrong to imprison someone that illegally imprisoned someone else. It would also be wrong for the police to drive over the speed limit to peruse someone who was speeding. The death penalty is a deserved and just punishment for murder. It does deter some murders, which saves an unknown number of innocent lives. These reasons are why, through all the controversy, three-quarters of Americans continue to support capital punishment. Works Cited The Bible. King James Version. Brownlee, Sha nnon, befool McGraw, and Jason Vest. The Place For Vengeance. U.S. News and World Reports 16 June 1997 24-32. Hartsburg, Hendrick. Burning Question. The New Republic 20 February 1989 4+. Norton, Mary, et al. A People and a Nation. Boston Houghton Mifflin Inc, 1990. Turner, Richard. Death-Penalty Taboos. Newsweek 30 June 1997 83. Van Den Haag, Earnest, and John Conrad. The Death Penalty A Debate. New York Plenum Press, 1997. Winters. Paul (ed.). The Death Penalty Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego Greenhaven Press Inc, 1997. Worsnop, Richard. Death Penalty Debate. CQ Researcher. Vol. 5. 10 border 1995 193-213.

I Have Cancer and My Brother has Cerebral Palsy :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

There are things in life which none of us plunder control, in my life thither have been many such things.  In trying to write this essay I have a difficult time trying to decide what I am going to write about.  I have many ideas running through my head,and I am trying to decide what makes me who I am, what makes me special.  Soren Kierkegaard said, Life can only be understood backwards, but must be lived forwards.  I have a difficult time understanding my life even as I look back, I am unsure of why things happened and what effect certain events had on my life.  I say this because I know nothing else, I have nothing to compare my life to.  I am who I am and I have always been this way.               There are three study topics that I am considering to include in my essay.  The prime(prenominal) topic is my medical history, which is quite thick, as shown by my four fat medical files.  The problems all started at an early age when E-coli was found in my hip, and it had to be carry offd.  I went in to surgery for the first time, before my first birthday, and had part of my hip scraped out to remove the bacteria.  This was the first of about 5 major surgeries and a vast number of visits to the doctors.  I could talk about the trauma I went through wondering if I would ever be able to walk, but I was too young to remember any of this.  The E-coli was of little importance in my mind except that it was my first surgery, and also that Doctors told my parents I would always walk with a limp, and be unable to compete in athletics.  The condition that everyone believes had the largest effect on who I am is CANCER, I made that big and bold because I want the sympathy vote. I was diagnosed with cancer on Feb. 11, 1987 and went into surgery 2 days later.  I didnt remember that date, and I had to go ask my parents all of this.  They remember it all.  I had a s tage four Wilms Tumor attached to my left kidney, I know what side because I get to look at the huge scar every day, and that the doctors gave me about a 50/50 chance of survival.

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict and the Presidential Election Essay

The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict and the Presidential Election America has lost sight of the big picture. The war on terror is not tone ending to be won through military endeavors or through appeals for international cooperation. Sure, those are both essential parts of combating terrorism, and Americans strive to achieve in both categories. However, this is not a war to simply meet indiscriminate aggression against aggression. This is neither a World War nor a Cold War. Only round one-third of the battle against terrorism is fought through military means, and thats the easy part. The remaining 66 percent the bulk of the big picture deals with convincing those contradictory to American intentions that flying planes into buildings, strapping bombs to chests and planting mines near roadsides is a waste of time, energy, and valuable lives. What can America do to offer people of the Middle eastside alternatives to terrorism while simultaneously standing unequivocally opposed to terrorism and its tactics? Whatever policy it chooses to pursue, one thing is certain the starting spirit level is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It is from Americas stance in this situation that all hostilities towards the United States stem. Heres the thing Arab nations strongly sympathize with the Palestinian cause. For most of them, it is their turning one foreign policy issue, even though it really has nothing to do with the interests of the individual states. Many Arabs feel that it is their duty to do everything in their male monarch to oppose the aggressor, Israel, and its main supporter, the United States. If you combine this with a largely uneducated and population without jobs thats frequently manipulated by radical clerics, you have a r... ...http//english.aljazeera.net/HomePage.2. Bennet, James. Israel Rightists suffer Pullout from Gaza Strip. New York Times 19 April 2004 N1+.3. Foreign Policy Working for Peace in the Middle East and Security f or Israel. John Kerry for President. 20 April 2004 .4. Friedman, doubting Thomas L. Kicking Over the Chessboard. New York Times 18 April 2004 WK13.5. Middle East. 20 April 2004. BBC News. 20 April 2004 .6. Myre, Greg. Leader of Hamas Killed by Israel in Missile Attack. New York Times 18 April 2004 N1+.7. A National Security Strategy that Meets the Challenges of Our Time. Bush Cheney 04. 20 April 2004 .8. Paula Zahn Now (Replay). CNN. 20 April 2004, 200 a.m. 300 a.m.

Radio in the New Age Essay -- Writing Cyberculture Technology Essays

Radio in the New AgeThe essay is a popular course of instruction for writers to express their ideas. It can be found in many sources newspapers, magazines, and journals. The essay is no longer limited to these mediums, and as communication technology develops, the essay has broaden into new arenas. What was once an exclusively paper-and-ink technology is now available over the airwaves and through the phone lines. The essay has found its way to new formats through the receiving set and internet. We were once readers, but have now become listeners and spectators through the cyberculture revolution.The term cyberspace was invented by writer William Gibson to describe the interconnection of society and its technology (Tribble 162). Cyberculture implies a computer-literate segment of society. Our American culture relies heavily on the automobile industry, fast food, instant communication, and the movie industry, yet not all of these aspects of our culture make up cyberspace. Cybercult ure narrows its definition to cover only those aspects of technology that instantly connect person to person or person to machine via other machines. This includes telephone, satellite, television, radio, and internet systems and allows us to uplink, download, line of products in, channel surf, surf the web, dial up, and ring nearly anything, anywhere, and anyone at anytime. Steven Johnson, in his article Links, considers two attitudes toward interactions with this technology. Comparing channel surfing to web surfing, Johnson views TV surfing as a passive act requiring only that the viewer accept what is being shown. Web surfing, however, is a n interactive process that allows for inquiries and searches on a line of interest (Johnson 196-7). Similar to TV viewing, listenin... ..., a print version of the broadcast, ready for purchase or to download. The sound quality is significantly worse than the original, and sounds like the radio has de-evolved fifty years. Our advances in te chnology have, unpredictably, given us a sound experience of the radio medium when it was king of the airwaves. Our new is sexagenarian again. Works CitedBirkerts, Sven. Into the Electronic Millennium. Writing Material. Ed. Tribble, Evelyn B. and Anne Trubek. New York Longman Publishers, 2003 62-73.Johnson, Steven. Links. Writing Material. Ed. Tribble, Evelyn B. and Anne Trubek. New York Longman Publishers, 2003 195-212.Tribble, Evelyn B. and Anne Trubek, ed. Writing Material. New York Longman Publishers, 2003.National Public Radio. www.npr.org/This American Life. www.thislife.org/All Songs Considered. www.npr.org/programs/asc/index.html

Do We Really Need a Cosmological Constant? :: essays research papers

In 1916, Albert mental capacity made up his General Theory of Relativity without thinking of a cosmogonical constant. The view of that time was that the Universe had to be static. Yet, when he tried to model such an universe, he realized he cannot do it unless either he considers a negative pressure of matter (which is a tot solelyy unreasonable hypothesis) or he introduces a term (which he called cosmological constant), acting like a repulsive gravitational force. Some years later however, the Russian physicist Friedmann described a model of an expanding universe in which there was no need for a cosmological constant. The theory was immediately confirmed by Hubbles discovery of galaxies red shift. Following from that, Hubble established the law that bears his name, according to which every two galaxies are go from each other with a speed proportional to the distance between them. That is, mathematically V=H Dwhere H was named Hubbles constant.From this point on, the idea of a co smological constant was for a time forgotten, and Einstein himself called its introduction "his greatest blunder", mostly because it was later demonstrated that a static Universe would be in an unstable equilibrium and would tend to be anisotropic. In most cosmological models that followed, the expansion showed in the Hubbles law simply reflected the energy remained from the Big Bang, the sign explosion that is supposed to have generated the Universe. It wasnt until relatively recently - 1960s or so, when more accurate astronomical and cosmological measurements could be made - that the constant began to reappear in theories, as a need to compensate the inconsistencies between the mathematical considerations and the experimental observations. I will discuss these discrepancies later. For now, Ill just say that this strange parameter, lambda- as Einstein called it, became again an important factor of the equations trying to describe our universe, a repulsive force to account not against a negative matter pressure, but for in like manner small an expansion rate, as measured from Hubbles law or cosmic microwave background radiation experiments. I will show, in the next section, how all these cosmological parameters are linked together, and that it is sufficient to accurately determine only one of them for the others to be assigned a precise value. Unfortunately, there are numerous controversies on the values of such constants as the Hubble constant - H, the age of the Universe t, its density , its curvature radius R, and our friend lambda.

Do We Really Need a Cosmological Constant? :: essays research papers

In 1916, Albert Einstein made up his General Theory of Relativity without thinking of a cosmologic constant. The fancy of that time was that the Universe had to be static. Yet, when he tried to model such an universe, he realized he cannot do it unless either he considers a oppose pressure of matter (which is a totally unreasonable hypothesis) or he introduces a term (which he called cosmogonical constant), acting like a hideous gravitational force. Some years later however, the Russian physicist Friedmann described a model of an expanding universe in which there was no need for a cosmological constant. The theory was immediately confirmed by Hubbles discovery of galaxies red shift. Following from that, Hubble established the law that bears his name, according to which every two galaxies are receding from each other with a speed proportional to the distance between them. That is, mathematically V=H Dwhere H was named Hubbles constant.From this point on, the idea of a cosmologic al constant was for a time forgotten, and Einstein himself called its introduction "his greatest blunder", mostly because it was later demonstrated that a static Universe would be in an unstable equilibrium and would tend to be anisotropic. In most cosmological models that followed, the expansion showed in the Hubbles law simply reflected the energy remained from the Big Bang, the initial effusion that is supposed to have generated the Universe. It wasnt until relatively recently - 1960s or so, when more accurate astronomical and cosmological measurements could be made - that the constant began to reappear in theories, as a need to compensate the inconsistencies between the mathematical considerations and the experimental observations. I will discuss these discrepancies later. For now, Ill just say that this strange parameter, lambda- as Einstein called it, became once more an important factor of the equations trying to describe our universe, a repulsive force to account no t against a negative matter pressure, but for too microscopic an expansion rate, as measured from Hubbles law or cosmic microwave background radiation experiments. I will show, in the next section, how all these cosmological parameters are linked together, and that it is sufficient to accurately determine only one of them for the others to be assigned a precise value. Unfortunately, there are many controversies on the values of such constants as the Hubble constant - H, the age of the Universe t, its density , its curvature radius R, and our friend lambda.

Gone with the wind analysis

The Great Depression was one of the most desperate times during U. S history. The unemployment rate increased from 3. 2% in 1929 to 24. 9% in 1932. The sudden crash of the market in 1929 increased the suicide rate from 12. 1 per 100,000 hatful to 18. 1 per 100,000 tribe. Especi in ally during the asses, hoi polloi seemed to want to find many mental comforts, so cinemas became the most popular place. Average weekly movie attendance increased from 57 million in 1927 to 80 million in 1931 (Great Depression Statistics).Gone with the Wind, the movie which stood as one of the most classic movie of all time, was produced during this period. Though the story Gone with the wind was set in the asses, the movie spoke directly to Americans in asses when it was released. The movie Gone with the Wind succeeded for three reasons the strength Scarlet OHara had was necessitate for women during the Great Depression, the movie showed people the hunt down relations between African Americans and w hitenness people, and the movie provided hope for the people during the asses. This historic vie was greatly influenced by the asses.Following World War I and entering the Great Depression, women needed the strong characteristics of Scarlet OHara. During the Depression, men were losing their Jobs therefore, women needed to work to support their family. Just as Eleanor Roosevelt said The women know that life must go on and that the needs of life must be met and it is their courage and determination which, time and again, have pulled us through worse crises than the present one (Ware). During the mid-depression, the pose class family income was very low.Women has to be really economical for example, they had buy day- aged bread or warm dishes in the oven to save gas (Ware). Because of this kind of stalwart and unstable living, women had no choice they had to forget their safe, comfortable housewives lives, and become tools for supporting families (Ware). Gone with the Wind is also about how Scarlet OHara loses everything and has no other counselling to survive but to become strong. The end of part one of the movie shows this, when she holds the soil and swears that she will be strong and never be hungry again.Another period for why people were attracted by this movie is the cursive love Journey Scarlet hold outd. A lot of women who lived in the period of the Great Depression had incapacitated their husbands during World War One in the beginning of the movie, Scarlet is also waiting for Ashley Wilkes, whom she loves, to come back from the war. Every time she reads through the list of the dead, it is mop up how worried she is. This feeling was what a lot of women during that time experienced, so they felt sympathy for Scarlet OHara.During the asses, white peoples opinion toward African Americans was ambivalent. They still had the mindset from thrall times, when they could order the African Americans to do anything, and didnt want to accept the truth that black people were equal to them now. In Gone with the Wind, there is a scene in which Scarlet is almost raped by a black her husband, Frank and Ashley act like ASK (UK Klux Klan) to murder that African American. In the movie, white people feel threatened by blacks.During the time of the Great Depression, Roosevelt New Deal created a program called the Work Progress Administration (WAP). This program helped solve the higher(prenominal) employment rate. Under this program, there were some small parts like the Federal Writers Project and Federal Art Project. These projects provided some talented African American artist Jobs, and some great African American artist emerged (The Great Depression African-American) Art was an important part for the people who lived in the Depression, therefore, white people might view African Americans differently.However, at the same time, they felt threatened, too, because some African Americans were taking their Job opportunities. Also, the movie creat ed the feeling that black people needed white peoples wisdom to survive, because they often seemed more like pets than people (Left 7). We can see this from how happy Big surface-to-air missile is when he and Scarlet get together he thinks that he will be safe and will not be hungry again when he finds his former owner. Neither Big Sam nor a strong character like Mamma could take care of Tara without her white master during the war, either (Left.During the Depression, most African Americans lived in rural areas were still working in the farms of the white people. Even African Americans who lived in cities worked as domestic servants for white folks (The Great Depression African-American). These connections seemed to indicate to white people during the Depression that African Americans were still dependent on them. Therefore, white peoples attitude toward African Americans was ambivalent.Another important reason for the success of Gone with the Wind was that people who lived in the Depression precious to recall the memory of the glory before the Civil War, they could see themselves in the movie, and they needed strength to move on. Escapism s the most discussed term when it comes to the Great Depression. During the Depression, when the pure tone of the people is lower than at any other time, it is a splendid thing that for Just 15 cents an American can go to a movie and look at the smiling face of a baby and forget his troubles (Cravens 216).Movies and music were popular because people wanted to escape from the cruel reality, even Just for few hours. The beginning of Gone with the Wind was a perfect time for them to go back to the good old life when everything was more organized and peaceful. However, they old also see the decline of themselves in the movie, Just like Ashley, the old noble landowner. The War suddenly takes everything that Ashley had away. Because of this, Ashley becomes passive, and he loses all hope.The same thing happened to people during t he Depression Their world having been turned upside down, they saw a parallel between their plight and the story of the disappearance of the antebellum south (Will). However, at the same time, they also wanted strength, power and hope for the future, Just like Scarlets attitude toward life. The most classic scene in the vie is when Reheat Butler leaves Scarlet, though in great sorrow, she said after all, tomorrow is another day (Gone with the Wind) Thousands of Americans might be inspired by this sentence.Obviously, the experience of the Depression couldnt have been worse than what Scarlet had. In her life, the war forced her to change from a noble girl into a strong woman who needed to plant the food herself she lost all her dignity as a business woman for trading with the Yankees she married three times but all failed she finally realized the man she loved for many years was a coward ere husband left her Just as she realized that she actually loved him. completely these miserabl e things happen to her, but she never loses hope.This strength was what people needed during the Depression. Although they wanted to escape from reality, there was no way but to face it. The spirit of Scarlet inspired them to be hopeful, to accept the life, and fight with it. Echoing Scarlet Auroras words, tomorrow is another day, (Gone with the Wind) American citizens gained strength from Gone with the Wind. Clearly, this movie reflected the period of asses, including the melt relations between white people and African Americans. The movie also provided people during the asses much needed hope.

Mental model mind set wk

This great idea is a big money positr for the company. Even though we atomic number 18 bout change we know there will be employees that will discombobulate doubts and concerns of this change, we are willing to take risks. A persons mental determine/ mindset arse be also known as ideas, beliefs, images, and verbal descriptions that we voluntarily or involuntarily form our own familiarities. Mental Models screens us to have facts and ideas that contest or disregard our intensely held views and offer internal steadiness in a world of constant transformation.Mental models are created over so numerous years of experience and colonization. Mental models are tough to transform if they become threatened in the mind (Wind, Crook, & Gunter, 2005, preface). bud and Vernon has been with the business for many years. They have a mental mindset that is impossible to change. Mental models a compar up to(p) them are known to be set in their ways. develop and Versions behavior has made great tint on the company, so they are well respected and they are also a great assess to the company.It may be difficult to get Vernon to take hold to the expansion and to try getting Bud to be on board with competing with other business. Changing mental model/mindsets is constantly needed in an brass section today. Subconsciously, it is a very difficult thing to do. Like Bud and Vernon, people must be eager to change their mental mindset for betterment of the company, withal if there are risks involved. Taking certain phases to change can be a large enhancement on the quality of your performance.Understanding boundaries and authority of mental models should be the first steps our team should take at changing the mental mindsets of Vernon and bud so they could receive the proper information that they may come on board with the team. The second step the team should take is testing the relevance of mental models compared to the changing surroundings meaning o create new models. Introduc ing Bud and Vernon to this second phase can show them how brand new ideas can change the company compared to what they are already familiar with.Reshaping the framework, the thinking of others and by transcendent interferences to change is the third phase to changing a mental mindset. If we can get Bud and Vernon to identify their uncertainties of why they think the way they do then this would be valuable to the team. The fourth phase to changing a mental mindset is changing your perception by functioning swiftly on the new-fangled models, not stopping to irking out a method for valuing and supporting your models (Wind, Crook, & Gunter, 2005, preface).This should have Bud and Vernon to realize the limitations that they may have because of not accepting change can make them see how a new mindset can mean success for the company. Not having an open mind toward certain concerns can put boundaries and limitations on a persons mental mindset. Mental models mindsets can be impacted by E ducation also. Mental model mindsets are shape by our education and it also practices ft that outlines view of the world (Jacobs, 2013). New mental models are more tolerable to Other people if they are more educated than to people who not.If we educated Bud and Vernon on the new money bearing opportunities on incomes and the shipping production, this would undoubtedly be a great influence on their mindset. Training is more like education too. An employee receiving training may feel very important to the company. Training can enhance an employees abilities in places that they are already good in. There are other extra services that impacts mental mindsets. Personal experiences and being influenced by others are extra services. Personal experiences can be tough to defeat because it can mold a persons personality.This makes AAA Transportation difficult to reason with. Even though Bud and Vernon could be exaggerated with a strong influential like this, so the team is working continuous ly to see to them overpowering the force. The most commonly used mental mindsets that guides my decision making are being able to unceasingly investigating and smearing a method for evaluating and reinforcing the mindsets of our models. Our team is allowed to learn to adapt and understand the changing environment by using this mindset.

Heritage and Narrative Style in Alice Walker’s Essay

Everyday Use (1973), one of legendary author Alice Walkers most popular and often anthologized short stories, employs a unique narrative style that serves not as a device to indicate chronology of events, but for a more significant goal. The transitions surrounded by the different sievespast, present and future signize the conflict exposed in the story of a black woman and her 2 daughters, who are polar opposites of each other. Specifically, it tackles the discussion of the African-American heritage, used in the story as a stage for different interpretations coming from various points of knowledge.The voices changes act as get bys of future vs. present, present vs. past, affirmation vs. negation, and family vs. heritage. The narrator is the woman, Mrs. Johnson, referred to by her daughters as Mama, who lives in rural American South presumably during the late 1960s or early 70s. She has two daughtersDee, the prettier one who left home for the city to study and Maggie, of the many burn scars from a fire that raged their first home, and is painfully shy and prefers to plosive in the background.The events start with the arrival of Dee, after many years, with her produce and sister preparing for the moment. This is mainly the reason for the future tense used in the opening paragraphs, as Mrs. Johnson describes how the just-swept yard looks like, and how nervous Maggie seems. Anticipation for what they may witness upon the arrival of Dee is clearly communicated, as well as references to the world they live in, unchanged by measure yet comfortable for its occupants.Here, the typical texture of rural black America is subtly depicted, as detailed by the hard clay yard and the front line of elm trees. The next parts suddenly shift to present tense, as Mr. Johnson describes herself, and her relationship with her daughters. and the personalities of the two girls. She reveals her farm life and background, and how this contrasts and echoes the resulting characters of Dee and Maggie. Introspection is used throughout, indicating the inner debate Mrs. Johnson has with herself and possibly to validate her failure or success in raising her daughters.She speaks of Maggie in the present tense, but later changes to the past when describing Deeshowing that her familiarity with her girl body purely in her memory. She compares Dees life as a teenager with that of her deliver, defining the obvious differences in attitude, education, and opportunities received. Several mentions of how Dee refused to live in the old bear and possibly in the new one, representative of backwoods life, are points of emphasis referring to her character and attitude. These two observations, both real and anticipated, are the first hints at Dees negation of their heritage.Mrs. Johnsons narrative also tells of another symbolic scene, as their first house burned downwhen Maggie was marked with the permanent burn scars. Dee, while it was happening, was a safe distance away as she watched the burning intently, oblivious to the danger and the harm it was causing her sister. This image serves as an illustration of Dees hatred of the floriculture and heritage they have come to know, and how it has scarred her sister and rendered her insecure and invisible. Dee, who lives by her own rules, ultimately emerges as the clear winner in this phase of their mute battle.See more how to start a personal narrative essay examplesThe narration of Dees arrival again begins with the future tense, but is literally racecourse abruptly by her presence. The voice shifts back to present, as Mrs. Johnson describes in graphic detail the strangeness of her daughters appearance, with a decidedly humorous note that connotes subtle sarcasm all over the absurdity. Dee, who now wants to be called Wangero, is made to appear like a caricature the same, if not worse, goes for her male companion, who introduces himself as the Muslim Asalamalakim.The fulfil is shown through various details that indicate both insincerity and pretense, starting with Dees laughable affectations in using a Polaroid cameraa symbol of technology, and, in this context, a device used to separate herself with her old lifeher stylized wardrobe, and Asalamalakims unreal claim of his religious preference. Dees appearance in supposedly native African garb can be best described as her own personal style, and not cultural Mrs. Johnson confirms this by recalling a unique trait of her daughter, that she perpetually knew what style was, and was never without her own.But when Mrs. Johnson questions Dee, or Wangero, about her name change, her daughter simply and directly replies that Dee is dead. At this point, the narrative tense makes the most significant shift in the whole storybecause this is the defining moment when Dee has become Wangero, and has finally revealed her decision to cut her African-American affinity, and consequently, her ties with her family. The concept of grief, which ceaselessly alludes to the past, enters Mrs. Johnsons narrative as a technique to contain the events as part of memory, and to point toward closure.As the story progresses, Wangero seems to take a curious saki in certain objects in the house, regular items that are used for their purpose yet pinpoint the kind of lifestyle its owners have. Wangero looks at them like souvenirs or decorative pieces that would be symbols of a life she has left, that solely serve as art. Her claim to the butter churn indicates her goal to showcase the object as a external memento, much like the Polaroid photos she took of her family and the house. However, while the churn was indeed a kitchen tool often used, its relevance to Mrs.Johnson and Maggie is closely-connected to their familys history, because it was made by one of their relativescoincidentally, the husband of the aunt Dee was named after. After a while, Wangero moves on to search for something that turns out to be the main reason for her visit the set of quilts sewn by her grandmother, assisted by her mother and aunt. They were made from her grandmothers dresses, and were all hand-stitched. For families like theirs, the quilts stand for values and relationships, and the time it took to create them also refer to togetherness and female bonding.Again, just like the churn, Wangero treasured the quilts for showbut on a larger scale. What have always been objects with purpose, meaning, and value in personal terms were about to be turned into communication pieces and lonely wall decor for this is exactly what Wangero had in mind. Mrs. Johnson informs her that she is reserving the quilts for when Maggie weds equally average John Thomas, but Wangero declares that Maggie would only put them to everyday use, and would eventually destroy much(prenominal) great pieces of art. The same art that she had deemed old-fashioned when Mrs. Johnson offered her one went she went off to college.Maggie, as always, is willing to give up the quilts to her sister, but at this instance, her mother is overcome with her own realizationthat the quilts deserved to stay with Maggie, possibly the one tangible representation of equality between her daughters. Wangero expresses her disgust over her familys seeming ignorance and disrespect for their heritage, as she defined it, and for their lack of drive and objective. She departs by wearing oversized sunglasses, covering most of her face, yet another symbol of Wangeros mindset to cover up and maintain a facade over her real identity.The last sentence of the story returns to present tense, as Mrs. Johnson relates how she and Maggie would just sit there, enjoying checkerberry snuff, unmindful of Wangeros exit. Clearly, the narrator opts for this change to refer to actual change in their lives she no longer had Wangero on a pedestal, and instead realized the value of the daughter who chose family over all else. Alice Walker made use of the innovative device of shifting tenses to communicate the reality of many black American families in the debate between heritage and empowerment.During this period, when racism and equality were still being discussed on a national scale, heritage exclusively referred to family and traditional values. The cultural identity and affirmation Wangero desire appeared shallow, for its sole meaning to her was for showcase, and was simply a rejection of all things familiar and valuable. The transposition of tenses shows Wangeros superficial understanding of her newfound ideology, and the greater problem of her familys borrowing if it. The device also plays out Mrs.Johnsons predicament in making a wise choice, as established by the many questions she asked herself in the tooth root of the story. Much of it was about her two girls, and which one she would choosethe smart, beautiful Dee, or the timid, deformed Maggie? Eventually, her decision, albeit unconsciously, was slowly and firmly made as she discovered how easy it had always been for Dee to turn her back on family and heritage. Because heritage for Dee or Wangero was one that was shown and remembered through photos and mementos, as detached from her self as old history books.

Argument for the legalization of Marijuana

Can I see a show of hands how m all an(prenominal) people have ever smoked Cannabis, also cognise as Marijuana? I see none of you have raised your hands. Well ostensibly no one would want to admit to a criminal action in front of others from their community. But why is it that smoking pot is so proscribe in our society? George Washington said, Make the most of the Indian hemp seed, and sow it everywhere Marijuana is a natural plant, known to grow in the wild in Central and South Asia.Traces of people smoking Marijuana go back as far as 3,000 B. C so, what had changed over the old age to make cannabis abominable? When considering the legalization of marijuana, the normal reaction would be to think about the negative factors of the drug. But what people forget is, marijuanas positive features overrule the negatives by far. There would be many benefits if the drug where to be legalized, especially for the government and the economy as a whole.Our government spends calciferol mi llion pounds a year on overall response to drugs, but receive no taxes from the estimated 1. 8 billion pound illegal drug merchandise. If our government were to legalize marijuana, they could place high taxes on it because people ar used to buying the drug at a high price anyway because of the endangerment of selling it illegally. This would be very beneficial to the government because they would have a larger increase of tax that then could be fed into the NHS and other funds, which are beneficial to the general public.This brings me neatly onto my next point, I am fully aware of the abuse capability of the drug, but its value to the medical world outweighs this potential by far. Although the argument of legalizing marijuana is extremely controversial, without knowing it, hundreds of people around you are in desperate need of its medical side, and are suffering dramatically without it. How would you feel? Marijuana would be of high value to the suffering, distressed, and dishea rtened cancer patients fighting for their lives.Let me try and paint you a picture imagine in that respect is only one medication that will relieve you from the pain you are caused by nausea, marijuana will free you of this pain and will give you a little bit of assurance and courage that you need to keep on believing that you are going to be unattackable. But yet, we still refuse to regard that the drug is acceptable, but there is something I must ask you all. Do you know what the black market is? Well let me tell you, the black market is a market in goods or services in violation of legal structures defining the scope of appropriate forms of trade.It is a market for products that are illegal or stolen. Marijuana appears frequently in the market, and has become extremely popular. The problem with the drugs produced in the black market is that they are not manufactured under any safety or health regulations, this can result in unsafe drugs being produced and users experiencing pr oblems from consuming unknown substances. If the government where to legalize marijuana they could potentially safe lives, as the drug could be bought in shops from legal proprietors, this would assure users of good quality and information about what you are buying and consuming.Jeffery Miron, the visiting professor of economic science at Harvard University estimates the national marijuana market at about 10 billion pounds per year. When will the public and government realize? Marijuana is only sedate and harmful when sold and consumed illegally, and the government is preventing and keeping us from a product that is so beneficial not only to cancer patients, but also to the paper and clothing industries, the government itself, and for the abuse rate of our country.Long deceased are the days when we could go outside at night and not be confused about our safety, long gone are the days when we didnt have to worry about our kids getting involved in gang activity, and long gone ar e the days in which we had the freedom to consume a substance which satisfied us. I am thoroughly aware of how high the UKs hatred rate is, and how terrifying and worrying it is for the citizens of our country. I am aware that the amount of crime that goes on in our country impacts and affects almost every single someone in the country, which is why legalizing marijuana would be extremely helpful.The crime rate in the Netherlands is generally low, especially compared to other European countries with tougher crime polices such as the UK. Indeed, in the UK they have found that 60% of inmates in British jails have served a jail sentence previously. In the UK where the consumption of marijuana is illegal the crime rate is actually higher than in Amsterdam where it is legal and the consumption is lower. This proves that, if our government was to legalize marijuana, it would result in the use actually decreasing, as it is known that when humans are not allowed to do something it appears much more attractive, and have a larger urge to do it.

Human: Ethics and Corporate Governance Essay

Business ethics at Chancellor College has as its main objective offering appropriate supposed and hard-nosed formation in ethics as applied to the context of corporate governance. This objective is motivated by our interest at preparing our students for the various challenges they result encounter in their various notees which they get out undertake. We believe as a university that their success in business is expoundly dependant on their knowledge and practical readiness in confronting moral issues which will be part and parcel of their everyday experience at work place.Expectations It is expected that at the end of our course, students will be capable of demonstrating their dread of the following the basic ideas in the context of ethics corporate government in general and the application of ethical insights in corporate governance. The university expects further that the students will develop the personal ability to know how they can apply the various insights learned in the ir own activities after their graduation. irrefutable Texts1 1. Shaw, WH (2005) Business Ethics Thomson Wadsworth, Bangalore. India 2.Crane A and Matten D (2004) Business Ethics. Oxford University Press. New York. USA 3. Velasquez MG (2004) Business Ethics (Concepts and Cases). 5th Edition. Prentice Hall. New Delhi. India. early(a) texts will be given together with the rest of the module. 1 NB This is conditioned by what we have in the library. 3 Business Ethics order 0. General Introduction Welcome back to my lectures on Business Ethics after a long holiday of the so called Academic Freedom. I am aware of the fact that most of you have gone backwards intellectually, but we will try to catch up.I will commerce by qualification you aware of the relevance of our lectures or this field of study. Increasing current research in the context of business studies has shown a great interest in understanding and developing further the issue of corporate governance, for instance, ODonavans A Board of Corporative Governance, Aras G & Crowther D. work on Culture and Corporate Governance 2008 Coley J. What is Corporate Governance 2005 Monks R. A. G & Monow Nells work Corporate Governance 2008 and many others.This big interest in corporate governance suggests the centrality of understanding corporations and the incumbent mechanisms in doing any business. Indeed for our business to prosper necessitates a thorough knowledge of the various mechanisms in this context. Aware of the centrality of corporate governance, this course therefore suggests canvas an aspect of this theme that is, the understanding of ethics inside this context. This study falls under the general study of ethics in the context of business studies, ordinarily known as business ethics. The course has five parts as indicated in the course outline above.The first part deals with a theoretical institution of ethics. This is directed at introducing the student to the ethical theories and principles which ar e then reflected in the context of corporate governance. The second part develops a theoretical understanding of what business is, through the study of the general aspects of corporate governance. This is intended at acting as a background where insights from ethics are discussed. The third part discusses ethics inside the corporations. It focuses more on how corporations utilize ethics in their systems as a fundamental component.

Investigating the inverse square law Essay

The intensity of the influence at any(prenominal) given radius, r, is the arising strength divided by the area of the sphere. 1 The inverse square uprightness can as well as be applied to gravity, electric fields, light and sound. In relation to electric fields, the electric force in Coulombs natural law follows the inverse square law If gamma rays are a form of electromagnetic beam of light and undergo negligible absorption in air, then the intensity, I, should exchange inversely as the square of the distance between the line and the detector.2 Air acts as an almost transparent medium to ? -rays, and the intensity (rate of energy comer per unit area) of ?-rays emanating from a point source varies inversely as the square of the distance from the source. 3 ?-rays fall into many distinct monoenergetic groups because of their changeable energies which emanate from any particular emitter. The least energetic radiation allow only pass with very thin foils, whereas the most ener getic can penetrate up to several centimetres of lead.4 As ? -rays tend to produce 10-4 times as many ion-pairs per unit length as ? -particles do, measurements are usually carried out victimization a Geiger-Mi ller (G-M) metro. 5 G-M tubings are widely apply for detecting radiation and ionising particles.The anode is kept at a positive say-so and the cathode is earthed. The tube may also have a thin mica end window. 6 When radiation enters the tube, a few electrons and ions are produced in the gas. If the voltage is above the breakdown potential (The minimum reverse voltage to make the diode conduct in reverse)7 of the gas, the number of electrons and ions are greatly multiplied. The electrons are attracted to the anode, and the positive ions move towards the cathode.The current slick in the high resistance resistor (R) produces a pd which is amplified and passed to a counter which registers the passage of an ionising particle or radiation through the tube. 8 The tube cannot be filled with air as the discharge persists for a short time after(prenominal) the radiation is registered. This is due to electrons being emitted from the cathode by the positive ions which come to there. Instead, the tube is filled with argon mixed with a halogen vapour which quenches, reduces the intensity, the discharge quickly, ensuring that the registered radiation does not affect the recording of other ionising particles.When the G-M tube is detecting unity particle, if another enters the tube it allow for not be detected. This is known as dead time the average maximum being approximately 90 microseconds. 9 Because this number is so small, it can justifiably be ignored for this experiment. Background radiation mustiness be taken into account when taking readings from the source. Background radiation primarily comes from cosmic radiation and terrestrial sources. 10 This radiation leave affect the count and must be right. The level of this radiation varies with locati on and must be measured before conducting the experiment.N0e-? t so ? = gradient/ N0e-? t Safety Precautions To operate the utmost safety before, during and after this experiment, some guidelines should be followed fodder and drink should not be consumed whilst in the same room as the source Food items should not be stored in the same room as the source.The source should only be handled with long handled source intervention tongs, and as little as viable Hands should be washed thoroughly after contact with the source If in contact with the source for an extended period, it is recommended that a monitoring badge is worn As the source will radiate in only one direction, it should not be pointed at anyone The source should be locked away in a lead lined box when not in use Open wounds should be covered securely.Protective gloves should be warn when handling potentially contaminated items Errors To reduce the possible errors within the experiment, an optical patio will be used to en sure that the G-M tube and the source are properly aligned throughout, as the source radiates in one direction, the alignment must remain standard. Also, for small distances, specifically the distance d0 which is the distance the source is from the opening of the holder plus the distance of detection from the window in the G-M tube, vernier callipers will be used to hold as much accuracy as possible.Vernier callipers read to fractions of a millimetre, making them much more accurate than other measuring devices. Other distances, such as distance d, can be measured with a metre rule as the distances are larger which decreases the possible error in measuring. There will also be the error of human reaction times from observing the final count and pressing the stopclock. To ensure accuracy, practise using the stop-clock and count switch until reasonably consistent results can be obtained. Preliminary Work To decide on an appropriate voltage to use, the G-M tube and source set-up should b e tested.Place the source approximately 10 cm from the window of the G-M tube and increase the voltage slowly, until the count rate stops ever-changing dramatically. Plot a graph of the count-rate, C, against EHT voltage, V. Record the voltages V1 and V2 between which the rate of counting does not vary too much. If the rate of counting begins to rise after be much the same for a range of voltage do not raise the voltage any higher or the tube may stomach damage. 14 The optimum operating voltage will be halfway between the voltage where the plateau begins and the voltage where it ends.To decide on the range of distances used, the source was moved close to the window of the G-M tube and was moved back slowly until the scaler could count adequately (5 cm). This is the smallest distance that will be used. To find the other extreme, the source was moved back until the count rate fell to a low value, but could still provide adequate results (35 cm).From these preliminary results I have unflinching to time for 10,000 counts at 5 cm from the source, 5000 counts for 10cm from the source, and 1000 for 15 30cm. This is because any higher values will take considerably longer to measure. I will take three readings from each, as radioactive decay is a random process and it would be unlikely for more than three readings to be similar. An average will be calculated from the three values and the reading for the background radiation will be subtracted to find the corrected count rate. Equipment Geiger-Mi ller tube of i lovesome type.Decade scaler with variable EHT supply Sealed cobalt-60 source sealed to prevent contact with the source and to prevent isotropic radiation Long handled source handling tongs to prevent contact with the source Optical bench with source holder to ensure constant alignment Stop-clock, readable to at least deuce decimal places Vernier callipers to measure the distance d0 to a higher level of accuracy Metre rule to measure the distance d Diagr am Where B is the optical bench with source holder, H G is the Geiger-Mi ller tube S is the decade scaler with variable EHT supply.R is the sealed radioactive source, cobalt-60 Cobalt-60 will be used as the gamma source as it is easily produced, by exposing natural cobalt to neutrons in a reactor, and therefore easy to acquire. 15 It also produces ? -rays with energies of 1. 17 MeV and 1. 33 MeV. Method 1. Clamp the G-M tube to one end of the optical bench and attach it to the input socket of the scaler 2. Set the variable EHT voltage on the scaler at a minimum and turn it on, allowing a few minutes for the scaler to warm up 3. Change the variable EHT voltage on the scaler to the value found through preliminary work and set it to count pulses from the G-M tube.4. Start the stopclock and measure the background radiation for an adequate length of time, e. g. 25 minutes, as background radiation is variable 5. Place the holder containing the ? -source at 5. 0 cm from the window of the G -M tube 6. Start the stopclock and stop after 10,000 counts are registered. Record this value and repeat in two ways 7. Move the ? -source to 10. 0 cm from the window of the G-M tube and repeat procedure 5, instead only counting 5000 counts 8. Move the ? -source to 15. 0 cm from the window of the G-M tube and repeat procedure 5, instead counting only 1000 counts 9.Repeat procedure 7 for sets of 5. 0 cm until a distance of 30. 0 cm is reached 10. Tabulate these results and find the average count rate for each distance 11. Evaluate 1/(d + do)2 12. Using the recorded value for background radiation, evaluate the corrected count rate for each distance 13. Plot the graph of corrected count rate against 1/(d + do)2 1 http//hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/Hbase/forces/isq. hypertext mark-up language 2 Essential Pre-University natural philosophy Whelan & Hodgson, rogueboy 953 3 Essential Principles of Physics Whelan & Hodgson, page 472 4 Essential Principles of Physics Whelan & Hodg son, page 472.5 Essential Principles of Physics Whelan & Hodgson, page 472 6 http//www. imagesco. com/articles/geiger/03. html 7 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Breakdown_voltage 8 Essential Pre-University Physics Whelan & Hodgson, page 406 9 http//www. imagesco. com/articles/geiger/03. html 10 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Background_radiation 11 Advanced Level Practical Physics M Nelkon & JM Ogborn, page 218 12 A Laboratory Manual of Physics F. Tyler, page 269 13 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cobalt 14 Advanced Level Practical Physics M Nelkon & JM Ogborn, page 212 15 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cobalt.Source http//en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Geiger-M%C3%BCller_tube The anode is a central thin wire which is insulated from the surrounding cathode cylinder, which is metal or graphite coated.

Project on Shree Cement Ltd.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportwholey to present my gratitude to wholly who helped me during the feast of the project for their aspiring focal point, invaluably constructive criticism and kind advice end-to-end the project consummation. I am sincerely grateful to them for sharing their sincere and revealing views on a number of issues related to the project. I express my good thanks to Mr. Gopal Tripathi for their support & guidance at SHREE CEMENT LTD. I would also like to thank my project outdoor(a) guide Mr. R. K. Shrivastava and all the people who provided me with the needed facilities of indite reporting conditions conducive for my project work.PREFACE As we be stepping into the 21st century with the era of modernization & globalization, organizations argon seeking to bring continuous overture and required changes in all fields of activities. One key bea is to build a pleasant working sur smoothen deep down the organization and to cultivation the behavior of the employees for the de nameination of identifying the field of improvement in the organizational effectiveness. The main objective of this project is to get the hands on experience of the office and worry and dissimilar systems and procedures on effective working.INDEX Table of Contents S. No. Contents 1. Acknowledgment 2. Preface 3. play along Profile 4. Vision of the comp any 5. look for Methodology 6. Objective of enlisting & filling 7. Importance of Recruitment & Selection 8. Recruitment The Challenges 9. Sources of Recruitment 10. Recent Trends in Recruitment 11. Recruitment Policy of Shree cementumum Ltd. 12. Selection The Challenges 13. Selection exhibit at Shree Cement Ltd. 14. Probation And Confirmation 15. readiness and bring outment 16. Conclusions 17. Bibliography COMPANY PROFILE BACKGROUND-Over the last decade, a substantial change in business milieu has caused organizations around the world to transform their business model in cabargont to maintain ch ampionership. This change is hyper- aspiration a cite that renders traditional competitive advantage unsustainable. Rapid product introductions to battle the pressures of commoditization is impacting organizational bottom line faster than ever before. Shree Cement Ltd. is an energy conscious & environment friendly business organization.Having Nine Directors on its bill of f atomic number 18 under the chairmilitary personnelship of Shri. B. G. Bangur, the policy decisions argon taken under the guidance of Shri. H. M. Bangur, Managing Director. Shri. M. K. Singhi, Executive Director of the troupe, is looking subsequently all day- to- day affairs. The comp whatever is managed by qualified professionals with broad vision who atomic number 18 committed to maintain high up standards of quality & leadership to serve the customers to their fullest satisfaction. The be on consists of eminent mortals with considerable professional expertise in industry and field such as banking, law, marketing & finance.Shree cement a leash cement diagnoser of North India, has been participating in the infrastructure transformation for India for over two decades. It started operation in 1985 and has been ontogeny over since. Its manufacturing units ar located in Beawer, reticular activating system in Rajasthan. It also has grinding unit at Khuskera scrawny Gurgaon. It has 3 brands under its portfolio viz. Shree Ultra Jung Rodhak cement, Bangur Cement and Tuff cement. Its record of steady profitableness and healthy operating margin was maintain in 2007-08 as intumesce. It registered a proceeds of 51% in net sales which stood us at rs. 2065. 7 cr in 2007-08. Its net profit increase by 47% to rs. 260. 37 cr. During the form. Shree ever so strives to sustain it reputation as a respected somatic citizen. Its acknowl advances that is operation drive multiple impacts on the environment and communities in which it operates. Its business strategies and public presentation d emonstrate a high take of commitment to preservation of environment and social directment apart from economic conquest. HISTORY OF COMPANY- 1979 The Company was incorporated on 25th October, at Jaipur. The Company was promoted by members of the Bangur family and early(a)s.Shree Digvijay Cement Co. Ltd. , plumbago India, Ltd. and Fort Gloster Industries, Ltd. took active part in the promotion of the Company. The Company manufactures cement & cement products. To sicken fuel and power consumption, the Company adopted the latest dry out process, four stage preheater precalcination applied science of clinkerisation and air swept roller mill grinding system for raw material and coal grinding. The Company entered into agreement with F. L. smith & Co. A/s Copenhagen, a designer and manufacture of cement plants, its associates F. L. Smith & CIA. Espanola S. A. Madrid and with Larsen & Toubro Ltd. , Mumbai for the supply of plant equipment and services for the proposed project. 19 84 70 No. of equity shargons tender for by the signatories to the Memorandum of Association. In Oct. /Nov. 1, 53, 99,930 No. of equity shares issued of which 1, 06, 99,930 shares reserved for firm allotment as follows 48,00,000 shares to Shree DigVijay Cement Co. Ltd. 11, 00,000 shares each to Graphite India, Ltd. and Fort Gloster Industries, Ltd. And 36, 99,930 shares to Directors, their friends and so forth Including upto 25, 00,000 shares to NRIs With repatriation rights.The symmetricalness 47, 00,000 shares offered to the public of which 18, 80,000 shares offered for allotment on preferential basis to Non-Residents. 1985 Commercial production commenced from 1st May. 1986 A diesel generating set of 13. 6 MW was installed for captive power generation 1987 46, 00,000 shares issued to financial intro perpetrations in conversion of loans. 1991 Production of clinker and cement declined due to a major shut down of the plant for implementation of modernization/ refurbishmen t/modification work. The Company undertook to set up a recent cement plant of 0. million TPA expertness in Rajasthan 7, 96,000 No. of Equity shares issued to financial institution in conversion of loan. 1992 36,00,000 shares allotted to FLT Ltd. a wholly owned subsidiary of P. L. Smith & Co. Denmark under financial collaboration agreement. 1993 The Company undertook a scheme of implementing arcminute stage of its licensed capacity to increase its capacity to 3300 t one(a)s per day. The Company issued 21975 16% each with equity warrants and these volition be converted as per institutional guidelines. 2, 40,021 shares issued in pursuance of scheme of Amalgamation. 994 The Company issued 10, 00,000-16% Secured Redeemable NCD of Rs 100 each on private berth basis. A scheme of amalgamation of an existing leasing and finance Company with the Company was prepared for undertaking leasing activities and other financial services on broad scale. M/s. Mannakrishna Investment, L td. is a subsidiary of the Company. 1995 The Company undertook the implementation of new unit of 124 MT capacities per annum named Raj Cement. 43,95,000 No. of Equity shares on surrender of detachable optional share warrants attached with 16% unsubscribed non-Convertible Debentures of 100 each. 996 The Company commissioned its countenance cement plant Raj Cement with a capacity of 12. 4 lakh tones per annum in Beawer. 58, 06,204 rights shares issued (prem. Rs 10 per share) in the prop. 15. 1998 Shree Cement, the Calcutta-based PD-BG Bangur group company, has decided to issue preference shares aggregating Rs 15 crore to mobilize long- term funds. Shree Cements expansion in capacity by 12. 4 lakh tones at the new unit in Beawer has do it a leading cement shaper in North India. IC RA has downgraded the rating of the NCD programme of Shree Cement Ltd (SCL) from LAA to LA. The Rs 372-crore 1. 25 million tonne cement plant near Ajmer was commissioned during the year later on c onsiderable delay due to an explosion in the electro-static precipitator. Shree Cements has an installed capacity to produce up to two million tones of cement per annum in Rajasthan and has an equity capital of close Rs. 34 crores. 1999 The company has been awarded the first prize for energy conservation in 1998 in the cement sector. SCL, belong to the house of Bangurs, is one of the largest cement manufacturers in North India, having the installed capacity of 2 million tones.Its plants are located in Rajasthan. The new plant was set up at Beawer with the capacity of 1. 24 million tpa in Rajasthan. Unit I and Unit II of the company receives National Award for Best Electrical Energy Performance and Best thermic Energy Performance in the Cement Industry for the year 2000-01. Decides to change the Accounting year to April March each year and accordingly the watercourse year is wholly for nine months. Appoints Mr. M K Singhi as the Executive Director of Shree Cements. In pursu ance to the IDBI, companies approve for early redemption of privately placed under mention cumulative redeemable preference shares. Change in Management Structure Mr. B G Bangur re-appointed as executive chairman and Shri H M Bangur re-appointed as the Managing Director for a tip of five years. 2003 Members approve for the delisting of its shares from 4 stock exchanges of Jaipur, Kolkota, Delhi and Chennai exchanges. Confers the Runner up National Safety Award by the Ministry of Labour, GOI, in reference of outstanding achievement in Industrial Safety achieving longest accident reposition expiration. Receives permission for delisting of shares from Delhi Stock Exchange. The company has been conferred National Award for Excellence in Energy Management 2003 instituted by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre. -Delisting of equity shares from Madras Stock Exchange Association Ltd. 2004- Company conferred BEST PRODUCITY AWARD-200 3 by the Rajasthan state Productivity Council in recognition of productivity measures and productivity improvements achieved. Rajasthan Chamber of Commerce & Industries, Jaipur presents RCCI Excellence Award to Shree Cement Ltd in recognition of Overall Best incarnate Governance Practices and Disclosures in Annual Report among all companies having registered office in Rajasthan. -Delist from The Calcutta Stock Exchange Association Ltd (CSE). 2007- Shree Cement Ltd has appointed Shri. Amitabha Ghosh as Director of the Company w. e. f. May 14, 2007. PHILOSOPHY- Let noble thoughts come to us from all over the world. Rig-Veda Shree Cement Ltd is a professionally managed company.The company always believes in sail finished transparency and discharge of the fiduciary responsibilities which has been assumed by Directors as well as by the Senior Management Executives and/or Staff. on that pointfore in night club to ensure the continuity thereof though, not written but otherwise ingr ained, the Board of Directors has approved of the followers Code of Conduct for all Directors as well as for the Senior Management Executive and/or force-out and other employees. VISION- To sustain its reputation as the most efficient cement manufacturer in the world. To drive down costs finished innovative plant practices. To increase the awareness of superior product quality through a naturalistic and convincing communication process with consumers. To strengthen realizations through intelligent brand building. BUSINESS ETHICS- Enforce good corporate governance practices. Inculcate truth of conduct. Ensure transparency and credibility in communication. Remain accountable to all stakeholders. Encourage socially responsible behavior. pic METHODOLOGY The cement industry is marked with a high level of attrition and therefore recruitment process suffers a crucial function of theorganization.At Shree Cement Ltd. , recruitment isall meter highduring May-June and Oct-Nov . The recruitmentis high during these months due to the fact that March and September are half year closing andbusinessis high during Jan-Mar. Thus it is only after March that people move out of thecompanies. Since my summer provision was in the months of May-June, it gave me the opportunity of involving myself nowa geezerhood withthe recruitmentprocess and analyzing the process so that adequate recommendations locoweed be assumption. This project is centered on identifying best hiring practices in thecement industries.It therefore requires great amount ofresearchwork. The methodology adopted was planned in advance so as to collect data in the most organized way. My area of focus wasthe recruitmentand infusion n training in accompaniment at Shree Cement Ltd. I was directly involved withthe recruitmentfor firedidates for the production profile. I was particularly involved with the sourcing of butt enddidates for the regions such as M. P, U. P and Rajasthan. Before any task was undertaken, we were asked to go through the HR policies of Shree Cement Ltd. o that we get a split guessing of the process followed by them. The first task was to understand the various product line profiles for which recruitment was to be done. The next step was to explore the various parentage portals to search for suitable hind enddidates for the credit line profile. Once the search criteria were put, terminatedidates went through a telephonic reference to validate the information mentioned in their resume. A pratdidate marking the desired profile was then lined for the first round of Face to Face interview in their respective cities. Firstlythe candidatehad filled up the individualal data form(pdf). Then the candidatesINTERVIEW EVALUATION tabloidwhich is provided by interviewer was crosschecked by the HR team. If they think thatthe candidate was good to hire or not. When a candidate cleared his first round, he is then make to take anaptitude test. We create d theaptitude test. It the HR department, which has the exclusive rights to assign test, test codes to the candidates. Each code was unique and could be used only one time by a candidate. Oncethe candidatecompleted his first assessment, his scores were checked.If he cleared his cut-off he was assumption another test. Since we received many resumes, it was essential that adatabasebe maintained to keep a track. It was convenient method than tostockup piles of papers. SCL has their owndatabase, They update all the records of the new joinees in that tracker. That database containes all the information of a candidate such as name, contact number, location etc. The external guide maintained a regular updating of thedatabase. sympathy what kinds ofdatabaseare maintained and how they help in holding a record. They maintaining a track of test codes given, thedatabasefor employee referrals,Databasefor the resumes received through mails and response of advertisement. RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY appointment Source Primary Through Personal Interviews Secondary Through Internet, Journals, News papers and Misc. sample distribution Area Work had done in Beawer regional Office. Sample procedure Random sampling. PROJECT SCHEDULE - First week instruct program from the company. Second week Collecting the primary and secondary data. Third and ordinal week Study Recruitment & Selection ProcessFifth week Analysis of Data Collection. Sixth week Final Report preparation and presentation OBJECTIVES OF THE recruitment AND SELECTION Every task is undertaken with an objective. Without any objective a task is rendered meaningless. The main objectives of this are Attract and encourage more(prenominal)(prenominal) and more candidates to don in the organization. Create a talent pool of candidates to enable the survival of best candidates for the organization. Determine present and future requirements of the organization in conjunction with its personnel planning and job ana lysis activities.IMPORTANCE OF THE RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION Recruitment is the process which links the employers with the employees. Increase the pool of job candidates at minimum cost. garter increase the success rate of filling process by decreasing number of visibly under qualified or overqualified job applicants. Help reduce the probability that job applicants once recruited and selected leave behind leave the organization only after a short period of time. Meet the organizations legal and social obligations regarding the fundamental law of its workforce. Begin identifying and preparing potential job applicants who will be appropriate candidates. Increase organization and individual effectiveness of various recruiting techniques and arisings for all types of job applicants RECRUITMENT Recruitment is the discovering of the potential applicants for the essential and anticipated organizational vacancies. This being the critical factor, any organization has to fall in well defined policies & practices aligned with the organizations mission and vision since it injects fresh blood in the organization. Organizations work hard to stimulate and attract capable applicants.Their methods depend upon the situations since there is no best recruiting technique. However, the job descriptions and specifications are essential tools, especially for the management in large organizations. THE CHALLENGES ? Attract people with multi-dimensional experiences and skills ? Infuse fresh blood at every level of the organization ? Develop a culture that attracts people to the company ? Locate people whose personalities fit the companys values ? Devise methodologies for assessing psychological traits ? Induct internationalrs with new spot to lead the company Search for talent globally, and not just deep down the country ? Design entry pay that competes on quality, and not quantum ? Anticipate and go through people for smirchs that do not exist yet The process of ide ntification of different book of factss of personnel is known as recruitment. Recruitment is a process of curious the candidates for employment and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organizations Recruitment is a process of searching the candidates for employment and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organizations. It is a linking activity that brings unitedly those offering jobs and those seeking jobs.Recruitment refers to the attempt of acquiring interested applicants and creating a pool of prospective employees so that the management can select the right person for the right job from this pool. Recruitment process precedes the pickax process, that is, weft of right candidates for various positions in the organization. member It is a positive process as it attracts suitable applicants to apply for available jobs. The Process of recruitment ? Identifies the different sources of labor supply ? Assesses their viability ? Choose the most suitable source or sourc es Invites applications from the perspective candidates for the vacant jobs. The aims of recruitment are ? To obtain a pool of suitable candidates for vacant posts ? To use and be seen to use a fair process ? To ensure that all recruitment activities contribute to company goals and a desirable company image ? To conduct recruitment activities in an efficient and cost-effective manner FACTORS AFFECTING RECRUITMENT in that location are many factors that limit or affect the recruitment policy of an organization. The big factors are ? Size of the organization and the kinds of homosexual resources required. Effect of past recruitment efforts. ? Nature of Workforce market in the region. ? Working conditions, wages and other benefits offered by other concerns. ? Social and political environment. ? Legal obligations created by various statutes RECRUITMENT POLICY STATEMENT In its recruitment activities, the company will ? Advertise all vacancies versedly, ? Reply to every job applicant without any delay, ? Inform job applicants the basic details and job conditions of every job advertised, ? Process all applications with efficiency and courtesy, ? Seek candidates on the basis of their qualifications, ?Aim to ensure that every person invited for interview will be given a fair and thorough hearing ? The company will not Discriminate unfairly against potential applicants on the basis of sex, race, religion, caste, etc. ? Knowingly make any false or exaggerated claims in its recruitment literature or job advertisements. SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT pic The various sources of recruitment are basically grouped into two categories ? Internal Recruitment (recruitment from within the enterprise) Transfer progress Employee referral ? External Recruitment (recruitment from outside) advertizingManagement adviser Educational institute Employment agencies Casual caller E-recruitment Although recruiting whitethorn bring to mind employment agencies and classified ads, menstruum empl oyees are a lot your largest source of recruits. whatever surveys even indicated that up to 90% of all management positions are filled internally. Filling open positions with inside candidates has several advantages. Employees see that competence is rewarded and morale and performance whitethorn thus be enhanced. Having already been with your firm for virtually time, inside candidates may be more committed to company goals and less likely to leave.Promotion from within can boost employee commitment and provide managers a longer-term perspective when making business decisions. It may also be safer to promote employees from within, since youre likely to slang a more accurate assessment of the persons skills than you would otherwise. Inside candidates may also require less orientation and training than outsiders. Yet promotion from within can also backfire. Employees who apply for jobs and dont get them may become discontented informing unsuccessful applicants as to why they were r ejected and what remedial actions they might take to be more successful in the future is thus essential.Similarly, many employers require managers to post job openings and interview all inside candidates. Yet the manager often knows ahead of time exactly whom he or she wants to hire, and requiring the person to interview a stream of unsuspecting inside candidates is therefore a waste of time for all concerned. Groups may also not be as satisfied when their new boss is appointed from within their own ranks as when he or she is a newcomer sometimes, for instance, it is difficult for the newly chosen leader to shake off the reputation of being one of the gang. A. INTERNAL RECRUITMENT ? Promotions and TransfersThis is a method of filling vacancies from within through transfers and promotions. A transfer is a lateral movement within the same grade, from one job to another. It may lead to changes in duties and responsibilities, working conditions, etc. , but not necessarily salary. Promot ion, on the other hand, involves movement of employee from a lower level position to a higher-level position accompanied by (usually) changes in duties, responsibilities, emplacement and value. Organizations mostly prepare badli lists or a central pool of persons from which vacancies can be filled for manual jobs.such(prenominal) persons are usually passed on to various departments, depending on internal requirements. If a person remains on such rolls for 240 geezerhood or more, he gets the status of a permanent employee as per the Industrial Disputes Act and is therefore entitled to all applicable benefits, including provident fund, gratuity, retrenchment compensation. Filling vacancies in higher jobs from within the organization has a benefit of motivating the existing employees. It has a great psychological impact over the employees because a promotion at the higher level may lead to a chain of promotions at lower levels in the organizations. Job Posting Job posting is anothe r way of hiring people from within. In this method, the organization publicizes job openings on bulletin boards, electronic media and similar outlets. One of the important advantages of this method is that it offers a chance to highly qualified applicants working within the company to look for begetth opportunities within the company without looking for greener pastures outside. ? Employee Referrals Employee referral essence exploitation personal contacts to locate job opportunities. It is a recommendation from a current employee regarding a job applicant.The logic behind employee referral is that it takes one to know one. Employees working in the organization, in this case, are encouraged to recommend the names of their friends working in other organizations for a possible vacancy in the near future. In fact, this has become a popular way of recruiting people in the highly competitive Information Technology industry nowadays. Companies offer rich rewards also to employees whose recommendations are accepted after the routine screening and examining process is over and job offers extended to the suggested candidates.As a goodwill gesture, companies also consider the names recommended by unions from time to time. POSSIBLE BENEFITS AND COSTS OF EMPLOYEE REFERRALS ? Recommender gives a realistic picture about the job. The applicant can weigh the pros and cons carefully before handing over the CV The applicant is more likely to accept an offer if one is made and once employed, to have a higher job survival. ? Its an elegant means of locating potential employees in those hard-to-fill positions. The recommender earns a reward and the company can parry big-ticket(prenominal) recruiting search in case the candidate gets selected. Recommenders may confuse friendship with job competence. Factors such as bias, nepotism, and eagerness to see their friends in the company may come in the way of hiring a suitable candidate. ADVANTAGES OF USING INTERNAL SOURCES Filli ng vacancies in higher jobs within the organization or through internal transfers has various advantages such as ? Employees are motivated to improve their performance. ? Moral of the employees is increased. ? Industrial peace prevails in the enterprise because of promotional avenues. ? Filling of jobs internally is cheaper as compared to getting candidates from external sources. A promotion at higher levels my led to a chain of promotion at lower levels in the organization. This motivates employees to improve their performance through learning and practice. ? Transfer or job rotation is a tool of training the employees to prepare them for higher jobs. ? Transfer has the benefit of shifting workforce from the surplus departments to those where there is paucity of staff. DRAWBACKS OF INTERNAL SOURCES Internal sources of recruitment have certain drawbacks such as ? When vacancies are filled through internal promotions, the scope for fresh talent is reduced. The employees may become lethargic if they are sure of time bound promotions. ? The spirit of competition among the employees may be hampered. ? Frequent transfers of employees may reduce the overall productivity of the organization. EXTERNAL SOURCES Every enterprise has to tap external sources for various positions. Running enterprises have to recruit employees from outside for filling the positions whose specifications cannot be met by the present employees and for gratifying the additional requirements of manpower. Companies commonly use the following external sources of recruitment Media Advertisements Advertisements in newspapers or trade and professional journals are generally used. The advantage of advertising is that more information about the organization, job description and job specifications can be given in advertisements to allow self screening by the prospective candidates. ? Management Consultants Management consultancy firm helps the organizations to recruit technical, professional and mana gerial personnel. They used to specialize in middle level and top-level executive, but directly they even help firms in recruiting fresh graduates & postgraduates in the industry. Educational Institutes Educational institutes at all levels offer opportunities for recruiting recent graduates. Most facts of lifeal institutes operate placement services where prospective employers can review credentials and interview graduates. ? Recommendations One of the best sources for individuals who perform effectively on the job is recommendation for the current employee. An employee will rarely recommend someone unless he or she believes that the individual can perform adequately. The recommended often gives applicants more realistic information about the job than any other source. Casual Callers The organizations that are regarded as good employers draw a steady stream of unsolicited applicants in their offices. This serves as a valuable source of manpower. The merit of this source of recrui tment is that it avoids the costs of recruiting workforce from other sources. ADVANTAGES OF USING EXTERNAL SOURCES The merits of external sources of recruitment are ? Qualified Personnel By using external sources of recruitment, the management can make qualified and trained people to apply for vacant jobs in the organization. ? Wider ChoiceWhen vacancies are advertised widely, a large number of applicants from outside the organization apply. The management has a wider choice charm selecting the people for employment. ? Fresh Talent The insiders may have limited talents. External Sources ease infusion of fresh blood with new ideas into the enterprise. This will improve the overall working of the enterprise. ? Competitive Spirit If a company can tap external sources, the existing staff will have to compete with the outsiders. They will work harder to show break off performance.DRAWBACKS OF EXTERNAL SOURCES The demerits of filling vacancies from external sources of recruitment are D issatisfaction among active Staff External recruitment may lead to dissatisfaction and frustration among existing employees. They may feel that their chances of promotion are reduced. ? Lengthy Process Recruitment from outside takes long time. The business has to notify the vacancies and wait for applications to initiate the selection process. ? Uncertain Response Here candidates from outside may not be suitable for the enterprise.There is no guarantee that the enterprise will be able to attract right kind of people from external sources. OTHER SOURSES In the search for particular types of applicants, nontraditional sources should be considered. For example, Employ the Handicapped associations can be a source of highly motivated role players a forty-plus club can be an excellent source of mature and experienced workers etc. Recruiting Sources Used by Skill and Level SKILL/LEVEL RECRUITING SOURCEUnskilled, Semiskilled & Skilled Informal Contacts Walk-ins in the public eye(predica te) Employment Agencies Professional Employees Informal Contacts Internal Search Managerial Level Walk-ins Private Employment Agencies Public Employment Agencies RECENT TRENDS IN RECRUITMENT ? Outsourcing beneath this arrangement company may draw the required personnel from the outsourcing firms or agencies or commission basis rather than offering them employment. This is also called leasing of human resources. The outsourcing irms conk out their human resource pools by employing people for them and make available the personnel to various companies (called clients) as per their needs. The outsourcing firms get payment for their services to their clients and give salary directly to the personnel. The personnel deputed by the outsourcing agencies with the clients are not the employees of the clients. They continue to be on the payroll of their employees, that is, the outsourcing agencies. Several outsourcing companies or agencies have come up which supply human resources of various categories to their clients.A company in need of employees of certain categories can approach an outsourcing company and avail the services of it human resources. The advantages of getting human resources through the outsourcing agencies are 1. The companies need not plan for human resources much in advance. They can get human resources on lease basis from an outsourcing agency. 2. The companies are free from industrial relations problems as human resources take on lease are not their employees. 3. The companies can dispense with this category of employees presently after the work is over. ? Poaching or RaidingPoaching means employing a competent and experienced person already working in another reputed company, which might be a rival in the industry. A company can attract talent from another firm by offering attractive pay packages and other terms and conditions. Whatever may be the means used to raid rival firms for potential candidates, it is often seen as an unhonorable practic e and not openly talked about. In fact, raiding has become a challenge for human resource managers of modern organization. ? Website or e-Recruitment Many big organizations use Internet as a source of recruitment.They advertise the job vacancies through the worldwide web (www). The job seekers send their applications or Curriculum Vitae, CV through e-mail using Internet, which can be drawn by the prospective employer depending upon their requirements. RECRUITMENT POLICY OF SHREE CEMENT LTD. OBJECTIVE ? To accomplish the company to plan its manpower requirements in order to meet the organizational objectives and needs. ? To obtain and retain the right human resource material of appropriate skills, knowledge, aptitude and merit which will enable the company to grow and develop into a premier consultancy organization.MODES OF SOURCING Internal sourcing is more widely used in practice as compared to external sourcing. Except in the lowermost grades, where direct recruitment is unavoidab le, there is no specific quota for recruitment from outside. The company provides opportunity for its employees to grow from within the organization by acquiring the necessary qualification, skills, knowledge and training. Even so the company recruits from the open market to positions for which suitable candidates are not available either internally or on missionary work from the other organizations like the Indian Railways etc according to job requirements.Deputation The very nature of the business of the company requires that it should staff the organization with the experienced personnel from the Indian Railways or public undertakings in respect of a number of positions. The terms and conditions of deputation of employees to Naukri. com are decided in accordance with the rules of the central government and in consultation with the parent organization in case of the others. Re-Employment & Appointment Of The Consultants In respect of certain special jobs requiring services of ret ired officers and staff of government or Naukri. om, the company may re-employ suitable persons belonging to this category for specified periods, subject to such re-employment being in accordance with the governments and/or the companys policy and orders. In order to meet the specific job requirements of limited duration which cannot be handled by the companys regular staff for want of expertise or shortage of manpower and with the specific eulogy of the director/ managing director/ board of directors, the company may appoint consultants/ advisors on the basis of the guidelines laid down by the board of directors / Railway board.Employment Exchanges The recruitment to the posts up to the pay level of Rs 8000/ or other equivalent level are made through the employment exchanges ( autocratic notification of vacancies) Act, 1956 while considering the candidates recommended by the employment exchange personnel engaged on casual / temporary / ad-hoc/ contractual basis are also considere d. Advertisement The advertisement for a vacancy is drafted in consultation with the concerned departmental head, as and when it is to be released.The advertisement should indicate the job title, qualification experience, age limit and other salient aspects of the job and also the pay scale, allowances and the benefits afforded by the company. The planned advertisements are generally released in the national dailies, but depending upon the location, they are also released in regional / local dailies. Example of advertisement Example of Job Advertisement Junior marketing manager Our company is a modern fast growing young business.We are expanding sales to India a bid to catch new opportunities for cement sales there. We have many branches to our business nation wide and have built up a good reputation within our field of trade. We are looking for a dynamic, confident person who is willing to travel and work on his/her own behalf. You will need excellent communication skills an d diplomatic views and be able to project yourself clearly and politely in a positive manor. You must have been in an executive sales position previously and have had at least 0-3 years selling experience.Preferably in cement sales, candidate must MBA/PGDM marketing qualified. The job involves extensive travel around north India withsales meeting to be held every 2 months. Salary is 200000-300000 per annum. T. A. AND pass ALLOWANCES. teach will be given. Apply in writing To shree cement Ltd. Bangur nagar beawar Ajmer (Raj. ) Closing date.. Campus RecruitmentCampus recruitment is carried out from time to time to enthrone fresh talent in the organization from selected institutes. Recruitment for the posts of engineers is also made through campus interviews to meet the urgent requirements of the company. Institutes Well established technical institutes and design colleges are selected by the competent agency are chosen and an association is maintained on a long-term basi s. Process ? Campus visits visits are scheduled to the technical institutions and engineering colleges during the placement season. Teams of senior officers are deputed to these institutes and colleges for campus recruitment. ? Such of the applicants so screened as per the laid down criteria and found qualified are being called for appearing in the written test or interview to be conducted by the nominated selection board. ? All such recruits are required to serve the companies for a minimum period of three years. They are also required to execute a bond of Rs one lac in this regard and submit one surety. SELECTION PROCESS THE CHALLENGES ? Selection is a critical process ? Locating The Right Person Requires a huge investment of money to get right types of people. ? Structure of Selection Process that helps companies to test for fit ? Employment Tests to rightly judge the capabilities of candidates ? Selecting people who possess the ability and qualifications to perform the jobs. Sel ection involves a series of steps by which the candidates are screened for choosing the most suitable persons for vacant posts. The process of selection leads to employment of persons who possess the ability and qualifications to perform the jobs, which have fallen vacant in an organization.The process of selection divides the candidates for employment into two categories, namely, those who will be offered employment and those who will not be. The basic calculate of the selection process is to choose right type of candidates to man various positions in the organization. In order to achieve this purpose, a well-organized selection procedure involves many steps and at each step, unsuitable candidates are rejected. twain recruitment and selection are the two phases of the employment process.Recruitment being the first phase envisages taking decisions on the choice of tapping the sources of workforce supply. Selection is the second phase, which involves giving various types of test to the candidates and interviewing them in order to select the suitable candidates only. SIGNIFICANCE OF SELECTION PROCESS Selection is a critical process these days because it requires a huge investment of money to get right types of people. If the right types of persons are not chosen, it will lead to huge loss of the employer in term of time, effort and money.Therefore it is essential to devise a suitable selection procedure. Each step in the selection procedure should help in getting more and more information about the applicants to facilitate decision-making in the area of selection. The benefits of selecting right kind of people for various jobs are as follows ? Proper selection and placement of personnel go a long way towards building up a stable workforce. It will keep the rates of employee considerover low. ? adequate employees show higher efficiency and enable the organization to achieve its objectives effectively.When people get jobs of their taste and choice, they get hig her job satisfaction & in number result into a part of a contended workforce for the organization People involved in the selection process are HR Department various(prenominal) department head. Respective divisional head. What Selection Is All About? All selection activities, from the sign screening interview to the physical examination if required, exist for the purpose of making effective selection decisions. Each activity is a step in the process that forms predictive exercise-managerial decision makers seeking to predict which job applicants will be successful if hired.In actuality, the selection process represents an effort to balance the objectives of evaluating and attracting. SIGNIFICANCE OF SELECTION PROCESS Selection is a critical process these days because it requires a huge investment of money to get right types of people. If the right types of persons are not chosen, it will lead to huge loss of the employer in term of time, effort and money. Therefore it is essen tial to devise a suitable selection procedure. Each step in the selection procedure should help in getting more and more information about the applicants to facilitate decision-making in the area of selection.The benefits of selecting right kind of people for various jobs are as follows ? Proper selection and placement of personnel go a long way towards building up a stable workforce. It will keep the rates of employee turnover low. ? suitable employees show higher efficiency and enable the organization to achieve its objectives effectively. When people get jobs of their taste and choice, they get higher job satisfaction & in turn result into a part of a contended workforce for the organization. SELECTION PROCESS COMPRISES OF THE FOLLOWING STEPS 1. Receipt of Applications It is the first step in the process of selection process.The application form gives preliminary information about the candidate and assists the interviewer in formulating the questions to obtain more information a bout the candidate. 2. Scrutiny of Application All those who have applied for the job may not be suitable for it so the HR department carries out a proper scrutiny of applications to select the candidates to be called for preliminary interview. 3. front Interview by HR Department The HR department takes this interview. The candidates are asked about their qualifications, experience, interest, residence, age etc. Those whose qualification and does not match are rejected. . Interview taken by the person from the particular department here they ask about the work experience why he/she go forth the earlier job, ask about his/her background etc. The interviewer matches the job specification, qualification, ability to work under stress etc. At this level rejection are made if the interviewer does not find the candidate suitable for the job. 5. Interview by HR and Department Head At this level, the HR & department head, both take interview of the selected candidates to know more about th em. It is a very friendly conversation with them including specialized questions.The HR head tell the interviewee about the company, its mission, objectives and responsibilities of the job, which have applied for, salary, compensation, etc. 6. Placement and Orientation Orientation and placement of Naukri. com covers the activities involved in introducing the new employees to the organization and to his or her work unit. It familiarize new employee with the s objectives, history, procedures, and rules, communicate relevant personnel policies such as hours of work, pay procedures, overtime requirements, provide a tour of the companys physical facilities and introduce him to his superior and co-workers.SELECTION PROCESS AT SCL ? Receiving Applications Whenever there is a vacancy, it is advertised or enquiries are made from the suitable sources, and applications are received from the candidates. ? Screening of Application All the applicants received in response to recruitment notificati on are scrutinized for the purpose of screening and short-listing the candidates who should be called for the selection. The company restricts selection to the more meritorious of the applicants through an appropriate process of initial screening. ? Selection CommitteeSelection committee is constituted under the orders of the managing director or any other officer to whom the power to constitute such committees for the purpose of conducting the written tests and/ or interviews. The selection committee decides the actual scheme of the tests/ interview depending upon the requirements of the job for which recruitment is made. ? Selection Employment Interview A minimum of 60% marks in the aggregate and also in the performance at the written test and interview is required to enable the candidates to be finally selected.The selection committee recommends the panel of successful candidates in order to the Board of directors as the case may be for employment. The main purposes of an employm ent interview are To find out the suitability of the candidate, To seek more information about the candidate, and To give candidate accurate picture of a job with details of term & conditions and some idea of organizations policies. Employment Interview may consist of number of rounds of interview with various interviewers ? Checking ReferencesA referee is potentially an important source of information about a candidates ability and personality if he/she holds a responsible position in some organization or has been an employer of the candidate ? Medical Checkup An important part of the selection process is also to ensure the employee is free from all kind of diseases that can hamper his work. For this purpose, every short listed candidate goes through a medical check-up to ensure his physical fitness. The pre-employment physical examination or medical test of a candidate is an important step in the selection procedure.Medical examination as part of selection procedure depends ent irely upon the kind of jobs to be offered to the candidates. For instance some industries do not take up medical examinations of the candidates at all. ? Letter Of Appointment After the candidate has cleared all the hurdles in the selection procedure, he/se is formally appointed by issuing an appointment letter by concluding with him/her a service agreement. habitually in all organizations, the candidates are not appointed on permanent basis because it is better to try them for few months on the job itself.Thus all candidates have a probation period & candidates are expected to show their worth during the probation period to get permanent employment in the particular organization. CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYMENT TESTS & INTERVIEWS Employment Tests ? Intelligence Tests These tests are used to judge the mental capacity of the applicants. They measure the individual learning abilities, i. e. , the ability to catch or understand instructions and also ability to make decision and judgment. These tests are used in the selection of personnel for almost every kind of job from the unskilled to the skilled one. Aptitude Tests Aptitude means the potential that an individual has for learning and skills required to a job efficiently. They measure an applicants capacity and his potential for study. ? Proficiency Tests Proficiency Tests are those, which are designed to measure the skills already acquired by the individuals. A proficiency test takes a sample of individuals behavior, which is designed as replica of the actual work situation. ? Interest Tests Interest tests identify patterns of interest that is areas in which the individual shows special concern, fascination & involvement.These tests will suggest what types of jobs may be satisfying to the employees. ? personality Tests Personality test probes the qualities of the personality as a whole, the combination of aptitude, interest and usual mood & temperament. Employment Interviews The nature of employment interviews varies from firm to firm. It may be conducted in the following forms ? Patterned or Structured Interview In this interview, a series of questions, which can illuminate the significant aspects of the applicants background, are standardized in advance.During the interview, the standardized questions are asked as they are written the order may vary but not the phrasing of the questions. ? Unstructured or Non-directed Interview The interviewer does not ask direct & specific questions. He/she creates an atmosphere in which the candidate feels free to talk on the subject selected by the interviewer. ? Preliminary or Background information Interview This type of interview is conducted when the history of the applicant has to be known in terms of his experience, education, health, interest & so on.It is more or less a preliminary interview. ? Stress Interview The applicant is intentionally put under a stress by interrupting him, criticizing his/her viewpoint and keeping silent after he has finished speaking. ? Group Interview It is an interview of a number of applicants in a group. The interviewers can see reactions of the applicants in relations with each other. It is used where it is essential to know how the candidates behave in a group. PROBATION AND CONFIRMATION PROBATION PERIODAll initial appointments in the company as a result of direct recruitment in accordance with the rules (except those of a temporary, ad-hoc, casual or contractual nature and those on foreign service or deputation terms from govt. or other undertakings) are on probation for a period of one year. During the period of probation, an employee is liable to be discharged from the service of the company without naming any reason at the sole direction of the management. The period of the probation may be extended or curtailed in the individual cases by the competent authority on the merits of each case.During the period of probation, the employees are required to undergo such training as is call ed by the requirements of their jobs. Successful completion of the probation and the prescribed training course will make the employee worthy for regularization and confirmation in the companys employment. CONFIRMATION The personnel division screens the probationers in an appropriate manner and obtains and notifies the approval of the competent authority for the regularization/ confirmation of individual direct recruits. SERIAL NO. ACTIVITY/ PROCEDURE 1. Technical scrutiny of applications 2. Approval for calling eligible candidates for written tests and interviews 3. Dispatch of call letters 4. Selection of candidates called for interview 5. Medical check-up 6. Dispatch of appointment letters 7. Joining at TRAINING A jibe FOR SUCCESS We know that successful candidates placed on the jobs need training to perform their duties effectively. Workers must be trained to operate machines, reduce scrap and avoid accidents.It is not only the workers who n eed training. Supervisors, managers and executives also need to be developed in order to enable them to grow and acquire maturity of thought and action. Training and increase constitute an ongoing process in any organization. This chapter is devoted to a detailed discussion on the nature and process of training and breeding in a typical industrial establishment. Training could be compared to this metaphor if I miss one meal in a day, then I will starve to death.The survival of the organization requires development throughout the ranks in order to survive, while training makes the organization more effective and efficient in its day-to-day operations. As a brief review of terms, training involves an expert working with learners to transfer to them certain areas of knowledge or skills to improve in their current jobs. growth is a broad, ongoing multi-faceted set of activities (training activities among them) to bring someone or an organization up to another threshold of performanc e, often to perform some job or new role in the future. Training is the formal and systematic modification of behavior through learning which occurs as a result of education, instruction, development and planned experience. outgrowth is any learning activity, which is directed towards future, needs rather than present needs, and which is concerned more with career growth than immediate performance. Training is the earmark of good management. Today technical training is no longer enough, employees also need skills in the team building, decision making and communication. As competition demands better service, employees increasingly require customer service training.Competent employees do not remain competent forever. Due to the ever-changing business environment and market conditions, their skills become obsolete. Thus organizations spend billions of rupees on their training programs so as to upgrade the skills and knowledge of their employees in order to have an edge over its comp etitors and to gain profits. Training programs are directed towards improving job performance of the employees. Intensified competition, technological changes and the need for improved productivity are motivating the management to increase their expenditure on training.People at all levels in the organization need to undergo training to be able to deliver the best results. Training, Development, and Education HRD programs are divided into three main categories Training, Development, and Education. Although some organizations lump all learning under Training or Training and Development, dividing it into three distinct categories makes the desired goals and objects more meaningful and precise. Training is the acquisition of engine room, which permits employees to perform their present job to standards.It improves human performance on the job the employee is presently doing or is being hired to do. Also, it is given when new technology in introduced into the workplace. Education is t raining people to do a different job. It is often given to people who have been identified as being promotable, being considered for a new job either lateral or upward, or to increase their potential. hostile training, which can be fully evaluated immediately upon the learners returning to work, education can only be completely evaluated when the learners move on to their future jobs or tasks.We can test them on what they learned while in training, but we cannot be fully satisfied with the evaluation until we see how well they perform their new jobs. Development is training people to acquire new horizons, technologies, or viewpoints. It enables leaders to guide their organizations onto new expectations by being proactive rather than reactive. It enables workers to create better products, faster services, and more competitive organizations. It is learning for growth of the individual, but not related to a specific present or future job.Unlike training and education, which can be com pletely evaluated, development cannot always be fully evaluated. This does not mean that we should abandon development programs, as helping people to grow and develop is what keeps an organization in the cutting edge of competitive environments. Development can be considered the forefront of what many now call the Learning Organization. Development involves changes in an organism that are systematic, organized, and successive and are thought to serve an adaptive function. EMPLOYEE TRAINING For the new employees, on-the-job training is given.The new employees are being exposed to the practical job under the guidance of the old co- worker and its immediate superior. Training and output go hand in hand. For the existing employees, a workshop is conducted to make them aware of the new technology or new system to be used. In that workshop they are taught how to use the new machine (if introduced), they are told about the benefits of using the new technology etc. Also they follow is cross training, when implemented horizontally, upward and downward. Department heads, assistants and employees can cross-train either within the department or in different departments.With support, employees can have a days training in the role of department heads (King for the Day). A department head can take a General Managers role in his absence. It is a part of their yearly training and covers all positions and departments. Beginning with the supervisory level it must filter down to entry-level positions. This technique achieves the following objectives ? Prevents stagnation ? Offers learning and opportunities for professional development ? Rejuvenates all departments ? Improves understanding of different departments and the company as a whole ?Leads to better coordination and teamwork ? Erases differences, antagonism and unhealthy competition ? Increases knowledge, know-how, skills and work performance ? Improves overall motivation ? Enables sharing of organisational goals and obje ctives CONCEPT OF TRAINING MEANING Training & development refers to the imparting of specific skills, abilities and knowledge to an employee. Development refers to those learning opportunities designed to help the employees. Development is not primary skill oriented. Instead, it provides general knowledge and attitudes that will be helpful to employees in higher positions.TRAINING & training NEED Training Need = Standard Performance Actual Performance INPUTS IN TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT 1. Skills 2. Education 3. Development 4. Ethics 5. Attitudinal changes ? Skills A worker needs skills to operate machines and other equipments with the least damage and scrap. Employees, particularly supervisors and executives, need interpersonal skills popularly known as the people skills. ? Education The purpose of the education is to teach the theoretical concepts and develop a sense off reasoning and development. Education is training people to do a different job.It is often given to people who ha ve been identified as being promotable, being considered for a new job either lateral or upward, or to increase their potential. Unlike training, which can be fully evaluated immediately upon the learners returning to work, education can only be completely evaluated when the learners move on to their future jobs or tasks. We can test them on what they learned while in training, but we cannot be fully satisfied with the evaluation until we see how well they perform their new jobs. ? Development Development is training people to acquire new horizons, technologies, or viewpoints.It enables leaders to guide their organizations onto new expectations by being proactive rather than reactive. It enables workers to create better products, faster services, and more competitive organizations. It is learning for growth of the individual, but not related to a specific present or future job. Unlike training and education, which can be completely evaluated, development cannot always be fully evalu ated. This does not mean that we should abandon development programs, as helping people to grow and develop is what keeps an organization in the cutting edge of competitive environments.Development can be considered the forefront of what many now call the Learning Organization. Development involves changes in an organism that are systematic, organized, and successive and are thought to serve an adaptive function. ? Ethics There is a need for imparting greater ethical organization to a training development program. There is no denial of the fact that the ethics are largely ignored in businesses. ? Attitudinal changes Attitudes represent tonus and beliefs of individuals towards others. The negative attitudes of the employees must be changed through training and development programs.IMPORTANCE OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Training and development is of vital importance in the success of any organization 1. Training provides greater stability, flexibility and capacity for growth in an o rganization 2. Scrap and damages to machinery and equipment can be avoided or decrease through training. 3. Training serves as an efficient source of recruitment. 4. Training is an investment in HR with a promise of better returns in future. Training and development programs, as was pointed out earlier, help remove performance deficiencies in employees. This is particularly true when The deficiency is caused by a lack of ability rather than a lack of motivation to perform, The individuals involved have the aptitude and motivation need to learn to do the job better, and Supervisors and peers are supportive of the desired behaviors. There is greater stability, flexibility and capacity for growth in an organization. Training contributes to employs contribute to the stay with the organization. Growth renders stability to the workforce. Further, trained employees tend to stay with the organization. They seldom leave the company. Training makes the employees versatile in operations.Al l rounder can be transferred to any job. Flexibility is therefore ensured. Growth indicates prosperity, which is reflected in increased profits form year to year. Who else but well-trained employees can contribute to the prosperity of an enterprise? Accidents, scrap and damage to machinery and equipment can be avoided or minimized through training. Even dissatisfaction, complaints, absenteeism, and turnover can be reduced if employees are trained well. Future needs of employees will be met through training and development programs. Organizations take fresh diploma holders or graduates as apprentices or management trainees.They are absorbed after course completion. Training serves as an effective source of recruitment. Training is an investment in HR with a promise of better returns in future. THE PURPOSE OF T